Мы учим, что если прилагательное состоит из одного слога, то сравнительная/превосходная степень его будет строится без more/most. И исключения здесь не исключения, ведь better/best, worse/worst, further/furthest также не нуждаются в more. Один слог — значит на конце чаще всего -er/-est. Но не всегда:
real – more real – most real
right – more right – most right
wrong – more wrong – most wrong
ill – more ill – most ill или worse — worst
worth (не путать с worse или worst)– more worth – most worth
prime (“main”, “important”) – more prime – most prime
loath (“not willing to”) – more loath – most loath
fun – more fun – most fun
Всё? Нет. Сравнительную/превосходную степень могут иметь и причастия прошедшего времени в значении прилагательных, возьмём третью форму неправильных глаголов:
lost-more lost — most lost : потерянный,
read — more read — most read: читаемый,
shown , drawn, seen, heard, thought, bought, brought, learnt, swept, kept, gone.
Что же мы тут видим? Опять исключения? Не совсем. Это просто другое правило. Ведь правило о -er/est распространяется на обыкновенные прилагательные, а это — отглагольные. Поэтому они из него не выпадают, а просто под него не попадают. Да и к тому же, не все «третьи формы» имеют один слог, а из те, что имеют, употребляются в сравнениях не так часто, как можно подумать. Ведь гораздо красивее вместо «most bought» сказать «best-selling». Из оставшихся нужно ещё выбрать те, которые вообще подвержены изменениям по формам. Какая-нибудь фраза «most come» воспринимается носителями скорее в значении «большинство родом из», нежели «наиболее приходящий», всегда же можно воспользоваться заготовками «most often», «mainly», «favourite», «preferably» и нам не придётся возводить с степени это несчастные неправильные глаголы.
А что же насчёт счастливых правильных глаголов? Да, причастия прошедшего времени от них тоже нередко имеют один слог. Взгляните:
stressed, bored, trapped, scratched, stretched, loved, praised, dead, striked, poured, smashed, stopped, fried, boiled, grilled, , cracked, filled, hoped, sniffed, licked, rolled.
Это, конечно, только начало, ведь благодаря конверсии в английском языке из существительного может без изменений выйти глагол, а от него — причастие.
Так какие же причастия прошедшего времени из одного слога (one syllable past participle ) есть в английском?
Ну, например:
learned
skinned
feigned
brained
twinned
groined
quoined
splined
plained
chained
deigned
drained
grained
trained
stained
reigned
groaned
gleaned
sheened
greened
preened
queened
prawned
spawned
clowned
spurned
swouned
mourned
churned
yearned
scorned
cairned
thorned
spooned
crooned
throned
swooned
grinned
chinned
shinned
thinned
swanned
spanned
divined
planned
scanned
signed
damned
canned
manned
stoned
horned
darned
veined
finned
ginned
binned
dinned
pinned
sinned
tinned
conned
donned
wonned
dunned
funned
gunned
panned
tanned
vanned
wanned
denned
kenned
penned
yenned
fanned
banned
hymned
kilned
limned
trined
dwined
twined
ruined
phoned
neoned
punned
sunned
tunned
earned
warned
yarned
burned
corned
kerned
girned
sorned
durned
turned
downed
yawned
gowned
pawned
pruned
dawned
fawned
droned
zooned
ironed
cloned
mooned
peined
reined
seined
whined
chined
shined
spined
brined
opined
coined
foined
joined
gained
pained
rained
sained
opened
omened
evened
keened
peened
weened
weaned
yeaned
beaned
deaned
jeaned
leaned
planed
loaned
moaned
staned
craned
paned
maned
acned
vaned
waned
saned
baned
caned
dined
fined
lined
mined
pined
tined
vined
wined
inned
boned
coned
honed
awned
tuned
owned
zoned
toned
tyned
touched
pouched
tetched
retched
fetched
letched
lurched
patched
watched
batched
hatched
latched
matched
parched
perched
birched
torched
psyched
vouched
couched
douched
hutched
bitched
ditched
hitched
pitched
witched
botched
hotched
notched
belched
welched
filched
mulched
ranched
leeched
poached
roached
coached
beached
leached
peached
reached
cinched
wenched
pinched
winched
benched
pooched
marched
lynched
synched
mooched
bunched
hunched
lunched
munched
punched
arched
teched
leched
peched
niched
bached
cached
inched
etched
itched
ouched
ruched
ached
eched
scratched
stretched
scootched
splotched
scrooched
staunched
craunched
scrunched
squinched
crushed
smashed
brushed
trashed
sloshed
blushed
flushed
slushed
shushed
wooshed
swished
welshed
swashed
slashed
fleshed
freshed
gnashed
crashed
stashed
quashed
clashed
flashed
plashed
deashed
leashed
whished
dished
bushed
unshed
wished
coshed
joshed
moshed
noshed
pished
gushed
hushed
lushed
mushed
pushed
rushed
tushed
fished
meshed
washed
bashed
cashed
dashed
fashed
gashed
hashed
lashed
mashed
pashed
ashed
shrewed
screwed
strewed
pshawed
thrawed
strawed
strowed
stewed
crewed
blowed
snawed
gnawed
flawed
blawed
clawed
shawed
thawed
chawed
shewed
chewed
viewed
brewed
spewed
slewed
skewed
clewed
chowed
showed
scowed
flowed
glowed
plowed
slowed
browed
snowed
crowed
avowed
stowed
trowed
jawed
mawed
pawed
hawed
cawed
dawed
lawed
tawed
yawed
sawed
hewed
dewed
bowed
dowed
cowed
jewed
mewed
rewed
sewed
tewed
sowed
towed
vowed
wowed
yowed
jowed
lowed
mowed
rowed
awed
owed
wed
sleeved
sheaved
sleaved
cleaved
grieved
glaived
steeved
thieved
shrived
thrived
strived
shelved
swerved
starved
grooved
leaved
reaved
deaved
heaved
slaved
shaved
weaved
braved
craved
graved
peeved
reeved
staved
waived
sieved
skived
reived
calved
halved
salved
valved
delved
helved
solved
swived
shoved
gloved
droved
groved
proved
hooved
carved
varved
nerved
curved
served
gyved
roved
coved
loved
moved
wived
dived
hived
jived
lived
rived
saved
waved
paved
raved
caved
eaved
laved
blamed
themed
premed
chimed
maimed
glimed
slimed
grimed
gemmed
hemmed
rammed
dammed
gammed
hammed
jammed
lammed
calmed
primed
bammed
culmed
filmed
palmed
helmed
teemed
deemed
seemed
framed
flamed
loamed
roamed
foamed
beamed
reamed
shamed
seamed
teamed
zoomed
boomed
doomed
loomed
roomed
farmed
harmed
bummed
gummed
hummed
dimmed
nimmed
rimmed
mummed
summed
tommed
normed
wormed
flumed
gaumed
warmed
bermed
permed
termed
firmed
formed
rhymed
plumed
spumed
famed
lamed
named
gamed
tamed
aimed
limed
mimed
rimed
timed
fumed
armed
domed
homed
scrammed
screamed
streamed
charmed
chromed
vroomed
groomed
broomed
gloomed
bloomed
brimmed
shimmed
skimmed
glommed
scummed
chummed
slummed
primmed
trimmed
slimmed
stummed
drummed
chasmed
spasmed
stormed
swarmed
chirmed
schemed
steamed
dreamed
breamed
creamed
gleamed
psalmed
scammed
clammed
flammed
slammed
shammed
whammed
crammed
spammed
drammed
claimed
throbbed
squibbed
scrubbed
clubbed
crabbed
blubbed
flubbed
slubbed
snubbed
stubbed
drubbed
grubbed
scribed
drabbed
grabbed
stabbed
blabbed
slabbed
swabbed
scabbed
knobbed
stobbed
swobbed
blobbed
cribbed
dribbed
snibbed
blurbed
climbed
thumbed
plumbed
crumbed
bombed
barbed
webbed
herbed
bibbed
dibbed
fibbed
gibbed
jibbed
nibbed
ribbed
fobbed
gobbed
hobbed
jobbed
lobbed
bobbed
mobbed
robbed
dubbed
sobbed
fubbed
jabbed
nabbed
sabbed
tabbed
cabbed
gabbed
dabbed
bribed
subbed
tubbed
rubbed
garbed
kerbed
sorbed
curbed
daubed
limbed
jambed
bulbed
combed
lambed
tombed
wombed
dumbed
probed
boobed
numbed
globed
lobed
robed
gybed
lubed
tubed
cubed
orbed
sabed
ebbed
gibed
jibed
squawked
checked
cracked
stacked
wrecked
crooked
stalked
whacked
sticked
crocked
swacked
frisked
whisked
brisked
chirked
shirked
smirked
quirked
sparked
stooked
stroked
revoked
invoked
charked
sharked
clerked
smerked
rebuked
drouked
peruked
quacked
wracked
specked
flecked
talcked
zincked
chocked
shocked
slicked
clicked
flicked
bricked
cricked
pricked
tricked
wricked
snicked
hoicked
sneaked
creaked
tweaked
freaked
wreaked
cloaked
croaked
troaked
straked
shacked
thacked
rewaked
kayaked
tracked
blacked
clacked
flacked
slacked
smacked
knacked
snacked
frocked
knocked
trocked
stocked
trucked
clucked
plucked
chucked
smocked
flocked
blocked
clocked
grokked
trekked
batiked
chalked
cheeked
shucked
steeked
cleeked
gleeked
sleeked
smeeked
booked
looked
cooked
marked
linked
backed
picked
packed
hooked
wicked
masked
peaked
forked
stoked
tanked
jacked
necked
corked
borked
dirked
yerked
porked
worked
burked
lurked
basked
casked
tasked
disked
risked
evoked
spoked
troked
barked
carked
darked
harked
larked
narked
parked
warked
jerked
perked
howked
gawked
hawked
jouked
fluked
yeuked
busked
dusked
husked
tusked
jauked
wauked
kecked
pecked
recked
dicked
sacked
tacked
yacked
becked
decked
gecked
sicked
ticked
cocked
docked
hocked
ricked
kicked
licked
nicked
hacked
awaked
racked
lacked
leaked
beaked
flaked
slaked
staked
quaked
snaked
braked
soaked
wanked
dinked
yanked
finked
jinked
kinked
oinked
pinked
winked
silked
yolked
bulked
hulked
sulked
banked
ranked
naked
baked
caked
faked
laked
raked
waked
deked
biked
liked
miked
piked
diked
hiked
inked
coked
hoked
joked
asked
tsked
irked
poked
toked
yoked
duked
juked
nuked
puked
dyked
ryked
striped
cramped
crisped
unhoped
taliped
steeped
creeped
bleeped
sneaped
escaped
scraped
cheeped
wheeped
galoped
stumped
whumped
chumped
thumped
tromped
stomped
primped
chomped
whomped
clomped
crumped
grumped
trumped
clumped
flumped
plumped
slumped
champed
tramped
stamped
clamped
whelped
scamped
swamped
crimped
skimped
sculped
skelped
scalped
grasped
clasped
chirped
sharped
slurped
usurped
stopped
dropped
propped
swopped
scarped
whupped
cropped
whopped
knopped
clopped
flopped
glopped
plopped
slopped
quipped
chopped
shopped
skipped
flipped
slipped
blipped
clipped
grouped
whipped
tripped
snipped
dripped
gripped
drooped
trooped
stooped
swooped
whooped
scooped
blooped
snooped
slapped
clapped
flapped
chapped
whapped
swapped
prepped
stepped
chipped
shipped
trapped
wrapped
crapped
ripped
looped
hipped
couped
louped
rouped
jauped
yauped
gawped
yawped
cusped
souped
dipped
wapped
yapped
zapped
kepped
pepped
repped
napped
rapped
sapped
tapped
pooped
cooped
hooped
sloped
stoped
groped
capped
dapped
gapped
happed
lapped
mapped
nipped
pipped
sipped
gipped
lipped
kipped
bopped
copped
fopped
hopped
tipped
yipped
zipped
lopped
mopped
popped
wisped
lisped
rasped
gasped
hasped
burped
harped
warped
cupped
dupped
pupped
supped
tupped
carped
gypped
sopped
topped
beeped
soaped
craped
draped
shaped
reaped
scaped
leaped
heaped
sliped
aliped
griped
sniped
jeeped
peeped
seeped
creped
cleped
helped
palped
kelped
yelped
camped
swiped
stiped
temped
vamped
gimped
limped
pimped
gulped
pulped
biped
piped
riped
taped
raped
caped
gaped
japed
amped
wiped
siped
imped
coped
doped
hoped
loped
umped
roped
toped
upped
urped
hyped
typed
duped
skilled
wheeled
tangled
pickled
mottled
gnarled
marbled
dappled
bobsled
dogsled
whorled
raddled
skulled
muraled
unoiled
sozzled
unruled
rubbled
castled
jostled
bustled
hustled
kirtled
hurtled
turtled
nestled
pestled
gentled
wintled
mantled
footled
rootled
tootled
dartled
measled
enisled
warsledhirsled
hassled
rassled
tussled
beetled
tousled
cuttled
guttled
kittled
vittled
bottled
justled
rustled
battled
rattled
tattled
wattled
fettled
mettled
nettled
pettled
settled
shauled
scowled
shawled
brawled
crawled
drawled
growled
prowled
trawled
teazled
foozled
touzled
dazzled
fizzled
mizzled
sizzled
guzzled
muzzled
nuzzled
puzzled
sculled
knolled
woolled
swilled
twilled
drolled
trolled
drilled
spilled
frilled
grilled
prilled
trilled
stilled
quilled
failed
killed
titled
mailed
polled
boiled
misled
veiled
willed
fabled
cowled
fowled
wawled
yawled
mewled
bowled
bawled
styled
yowled
howled
jowled
aisled
fouled
souled
hauled
butled
mauled
wauled
tilled
nilled
pilled
rilled
lolled
dolled
bolled
rolled
cooled
fooled
tholed
pulled
gaoled
dulled
lulled
mulled
nulled
tolled
bulled
culled
fulled
gulled
hulled
birled
dirled
parled
marled
tirled
burled
curled
furled
hurled
nurled
purled
byrled
wooled
stoled
pooled
tooled
repled
impled
tabled
cabled
gabled
staled
foaled
goaled
scaled
healed
pealed
shaled
whaled
sealed
vialed
coaled
dialed
cycled
ladled
addled
macled
mobled
ambled
rifled
heeled
keeled
peeled
reeled
seeled
oiled
abled
naled
haled
baled
paled
waled
deled
idled
piled
riled
tiled
wiled
ailed
ogled
filed
puled
ruled
axled
muled
isled
voled
poled
soled
toled
unled
coled
doled
holed
sheafed
strafed
briefed
whiffed
quaffed
spiffed
cheffed
sniffed
coiffed
staffed
chaffed
piaffed
scoffed
feoffed
stiffed
scuffed
bluffed
chuffed
snuffed
pouffed
fluffed
sluffed
gruffed
stuffed
scarfed
wharfed
snarfed
dwarfed
whoofed
spoofed
proofed
hoofed
roofed
goofed
woofed
barfed
misfed
turfed
kerfed
surfed
poufed
webfed
beefed
reefed
chafed
leafed
loafed
miffed
waffed
yaffed
reffed
biffed
chefed
baffed
daffed
gaffed
naffed
malfed
selfed
golfed
rolfed
wolfed
gulfed
coifed
knifed
waifed
boffed
buffed
cuffed
riffed
tiffed
doffed
huffed
luffed
muffed
puffed
ruffed
fifed
wifed
blitzed
glitzed
waltzed
plotzed
snoozed
bronzed
whizzed
frizzed
quizzed
blowzed
breezed
wheezed
sneezed
tweezed
boozed
glozed
futzed
putzed
jazzed
fizzed
razzed
fezzed
buzzed
fuzzed
frized
prized
feezed
brazed
crazed
grazed
glazed
blazed
feazed
seized
sized
dozed
oozed
fuzed
dazed
gazed
fazed
hazed
lazed
mazed
razed
bruxed
fluxed
jinxed
coaxed
hoaxed
flexed
fixed
mixed
vexed
foxed
poxed
boxed
nixed
coxed
loxed
sexed
waxed
hexed
faxed
maxed
raxed
taxed
grudged
bludged
kludged
sludged
smudged
reneged
shagged
sledged
dredged
bridged
noodged
stodged
frigged
prigged
swagged
stagged
fragged
slagged
flagged
bragged
snagged
cragged
dragged
snogged
chugged
drugged
obliged
slugged
snugged
glugged
plugged
trigged
swigged
twigged
shogged
flogged
clogged
slogged
pranged
avenged
twanged
whanged
clanged
flanged
slanged
changed
blunged
plunged
wronged
lounged
thonged
sponged
pronged
swinged
twinged
wringed
clinged
whinged
cringed
fringed
stooged
charged
sparged
rugged
ragged
dogged
jagged
hanged
winged
wedged
ringed
legged
kegged
pegged
vegged
digged
figged
gigged
jigged
pigged
rigged
lagged
nagged
begged
zagged
wagged
sagged
tagged
fidged
ridged
lodged
dodged
budged
fudged
judged
bagged
fagged
gagged
hagged
nudged
sieged
imaged
unaged
staged
swaged
hedged
cadged
fadged
badged
kedged
kinged
pinged
zinged
bonged
singed
tinged
lunged
longed
gonged
ponged
tonged
bunged
dunged
surged
purged
gauged
gurged
verged
gorged
serged
forged
barged
parged
merged
tugged
ganged
banged
danged
fanged
bilged
bulged
panged
ranged
tanged
venged
binged
dinged
hinged
zigged
bogged
cogged
wigged
fogged
hogged
jogged
logged
mugged
pugged
nogged
sogged
togged
bugged
fugged
luged
urged
edged
waged
raged
caged
gaged
paged
egged
igged
aged
churred
blurred
slurred
charred
scarred
sparred
starred
gnarred
knarred
chirred
shirred
whirred
skirred
stirred
floored
spoored
cloured
floured
scoured
louvred
bleared
cleared
speared
squared
queered
steered
sneered
speered
fleered
cheered
sheered
sacred
barred
haired
inbred
furred
mitred
sabred
spared
stared
snared
flared
glared
soared
roared
blared
chared
shared
seared
teared
neared
reared
scared
geared
feared
nacred
tiered
jeered
leered
peered
veered
laired
heired
waired
faired
paired
spired
quired
ochred
yirred
purred
metred
burred
curred
garred
jarred
marred
tarred
parred
warred
birred
spored
moored
stored
snored
adored
scored
chored
odored
shored
whored
poured
soured
toured
enured
inured
loured
tired
wired
shred
eared
bared
cared
dared
fared
hared
wared
oared
pared
rared
tared
acred
cered
aired
fired
hired
mired
sired
bored
cored
sered
cured
dured
erred
pored
sored
gored
gyred
tyred
lured
mured
blessed
coursed
glassed
chassed
biassed
classed
woopsed
hearsed
cruised
bruised
flensed
pleased
creased
greased
phrased
cheesed
braised
jonesed
praised
spoused
groused
aroused
bloused
choused
hocused
recused
incused
focused
trussed
moussed
grossed
brassed
grassed
dressed
pressed
flossed
glossed
crossed
prissed
blissed
guessed
tressed
chowsed
blowsed
browsed
drowsed
closed
raised
poised
unused
biased
cursed
lapsed
pissed
versed
gassed
cussed
irised
noised
hoised
prised
pursed
massed
passed
nursed
horsed
prosed
parsed
roosed
tensed
rinsed
mensed
sensed
goosed
loosed
noosed
censed
lensed
pulsed
guised
chased
teased
phased
abased
ceased
feased
leased
sudsed
erased
peised
seised
bussed
tossed
fussed
mussed
abused
caused
paused
sussed
boused
doused
amused
reused
housed
loused
moused
roused
soused
toused
wissed
bossed
dossed
mossed
dissed
hissed
kissed
yessed
missed
cessed
sassed
fessed
jessed
messed
bowsed
dowsed
tawsed
lysed
bused
fused
mused
rosed
dosed
hosed
nosed
posed
wised
vised
based
cased
eased
lased
rased
used
cliqued
leagued
plagued
tongued
queued
thoued
piqued
feued
trued
blued
clued
flued
glued
slued
spued
hued
cued
rued
sued
tried
dried
cried
fried
shied
spied
flied
plied
skied
pried
stied
wried
lied
pied
gied
hied
died
tied
vied
pierced
tierced
pounced
sconced
jaunced
bounced
jounced
sourced
spruced
spliced
sluiced
glanced
pranced
tranced
flocced
specced
fleeced
forced
voiced
spaced
juiced
deuced
truced
synced
farced
ponced
minced
winced
zinced
disced
sauced
danced
talced
sliced
spiced
priced
triced
lanced
fenced
placed
peaced
sicced
ticced
traced
braced
graced
deiced
pieced
viced
riced
raced
diced
faced
laced
maced
paced
arced
iced
aced
skreeghed
scraighed
ploughed
sloughed
sleighed
soughed
toughed
roughed
laughed
boughed
coughed
thighed
neighed
weighed
nighed
sighed
sughed